Livermore

Livermore was platted and registered on November 4, 1869, as a railroad town by William Martin Mendenhall. It is the home of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, for which the chemical element livermorium is named. The city has redeveloped its downtown district and is considered part of the Tri-Valley area, comprising Amador, Livermore and San Ramon valleys. Livermore is located on the eastern edge of California's San Francisco Bay Area. It was named for Robert Livermore, his friend and a local rancher who settled in the area in the 1840s. Its south side is home to local vineyards. With a 2020 population of 87,955, Liver more is the most populous city in the Tri.-Valley. It's also the California site of Sandia National Laboratories, which is headquartered in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The current mayor is Bob Woerner, who has been in office since 2008. The Livermore Valley was called the Valley of San Jose by the Friars and actively recruited native peoples of the valley into the mission system. In the 1800s, five hundred and two individuals were baptized at Mission San Jose from the four tribelets in the Livermore valley. In this time, Spanish military conducted raids throughout the East Bay using the valley as a natural corridor for movement. Many Native groups left the San Jose Mission during this period and reestablished themselves in communities in the EastBay, including the Liver more Valley.

History

Livermore is located in the East Bay region of California. It was once home to the Ohlone Costonoan, a Chochenyo-speaking group. The area was used as a staging area for raids on Mission San Jose by neighboring tribes in this early period and beyond. In 1839, two large ranchos were created that encompassed the Livermore Valley; Rancho Las Positas and Rancho Valle de San Jose. During the Gold Rush, Livermore became a popular "first day" stopping point for prospectors and businessmen leaving San Francisco or San Jose for Sacramento and the Mother Lode. It is believed to be the first wooden building to be built in Livermore Tri-Valley during the Golden Age of California gold discovery in 1848. The Livermore-Amador Valley from 1800 to about 1837 was primarily used as grazing land for the Mission San José's growing herds of cattle, sheep and horses. The valley helped San Jose Mission emerge as one of the more wealthy Spanish enclaves. In the early 1840s, Robert Livermore, a British citizen who had jumped from a British merchant sailing ship stopping in Monterey, California, in 1822, became a naturalized Mexican citizen. He was the first in the area in 1846 to direct the planting of vineyards and orchards of pears and olives. The first building on his ranch was an adobe on Las Ppositas Creek near the western end of today's Las P Positas Road.

Geography

Livermore has a Mediterranean climate, although it is close to a semi-arid climate because of its relatively low annual precipitation being in a rain shadow of the East Bay hills. The city has a total area of 25.2 square miles (65 km²), over 99% of it land. Several local seismic areas of activity lie near the city, including the Greenville Fault, Tesla Fault and the Livermore Fault. The soil is primarily gravel with excellent drainage. The gravelly soil and Mediterranean climate increases the flavor concentration in the grapes planted in the soil. The record high temperature is 116 °F (47 °C), recorded on September 5, 2022, and the record low temperature is 18 °C, recorded on January 5, 1961, and December 9, 1972. Most rainstorms are classified as 50% light rain, 32% moderate rain, 11% heavy rain and less than 6% thunder showers. The coldest months are December and January, with a mean high of about 56 °f (13 °C) and a low of about 38 °F [3 °C] with some occasional frost possible on clear mornings. Snow is very rare, but light dustings do occur on the surrounding hills and occasionally in the valley. Livermore features hot, dry summers and mild to cool winters with occasional rainfall (Köppen climate classification Csa). Summer (JuneSeptember) daytime temperatures average in the 75 to 90°F (24 to 32°C) range. Summer nights, however, are normally much cooler, with lows in the 50 to 60°C range.

Demographics

According to the latest census information, Livermore is the third wealthiest midsize (between 65,000 and 249,999 people) city in the nation. In 2005, the median household income in Livermore was $96,632, which ranked it the third highest-income midsize city, behind only the California cities of Newport Beach ($97,428) and Livermore's western neighbor, Pleasanton ($101,022). There were 30,342 housing units at an average density of 1,205.2 per square mile (465.3/km²), of which 29,134 were occupied, of which 20,399 (70.0%) were owner-occupied, and 8,735 (30.0) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5%; the rental vacancy rates was 4.8%. The 2010 United States Census reported that Livermore had a population of 80,968. The population age profile was spread out, with 20,636 people (25.5%) under the age of 18, 6,176 people (7.6%) aged 18 to 24, 22,530 people (27.8%) aged 25 to 44, 23,284 people (28.8) aged 45 to 64, and8,342 people (10.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.3 years. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.9 males. The 2010 U.S. census reported that 80,482 (99.4% of the population) lived in households.

Economy

Livermore is home to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratory. The two labs are known worldwide for their scientific research and for their major roles in developing the U.S. nuclear arsenal. The Livermore Valley American Viticultural Area (AVA) played a pivotal role in shaping California's wine industry. The top employers in Livermore are: Gillig Corporation, a large manufacturer of buses, which moved its factory to Livermore in May 2017. The city's unemployment rate is 3.7% and the economy is 2.7%. The average household income in the city is $62,000. The median household income is $50,000, and the average house price is $43,500. The average cost of living in the area is $28,500, and it is estimated that the city has a population of 2.1 million. The U.N. has a mission to develop a sustainable economy in the United States by 2030. The goal is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2030, and to achieve a 20% reduction in energy use by 2050. The United States has the world's largest nuclear arsenal, with more than 1,000 warheads. The country's nuclear arsenal is the largest in the world, with about 1,500 warheads. It is also the largest producer of nuclear weapons, with around 1,200 warheads. In the U.-S. alone, there are more than 2,000 nuclear warheads in the arsenal, more than any other country.

Arts and culture

Livermore's culture retains some vestiges of the farming, winegrowing and ranching traditions that have existed in the valley since the time of Robert Livermore. Since 1918, Livermore has each June hosted the "World's Fastest Rodeo", that claims it has more riders per hour than any other event of its type. Recent housing development has included the addition of hundreds of million-dollar homes set among the southside's vineyards, as well as a multimillion-dollar renovation of the downtown area. The city is noted for one world record. A 120+ year old 4-watt light bulb, called the Centennial Light, housed in the Livermore-leasanton main station, is still burning. It glows dimly as a light bulb until successive generations until it was maintained through his great-great-great granddaughter. The Guinness Book of World Records concluded that the bulb has been burning continuously since 1901 with the exception of power failures and the times it was disconnected for new stations. The light bulb was blown with a carbon filament and was manufactured by the Shelby Electric Company and manufactured by Shelby Electric and was hand manufactured. The Livermore Civic Center includes a state-of-the-art library that opened in 2004, with a front mosaic by Maria Alquilar. The downtown area or central district has two movie theaters, a community theater, and space for open-air concerts. The South Livermore district, including areas of unincorporated land, has over 40 wineries.

Parks and recreation

LARPD operates 42 facilities, including neighborhood, special use, community and regional parks and sport fields. May Nissen Park includes a tot lot, group picnic area, barbecue pits, picnic tables, preschool, basketball court, restrooms, horseshoe pits, softball areas, tennis courts, two swimming pools, and a dog park. Max Baer Park has been the home of the Intermediate Little League World Series since 2013. Del Valle Regional Park, 10 miles (16 km) south of Livermore, includes a 5-mile-long (8.0 km) lake with a variety of water-oriented recreation. The 2012-2013 operating budget of LARPD is $16,393,564 plus a capital budget of $3,870,971. The organization and facilities are extensive and LARPD hires many part-time workers (up to about 430 at peak times) from Park Rangers to referees in its extensive programs and classes with a permanent staff of about 63. The state has cut down on their share of property taxes as they re-allocate more to itself and their never ending fiscal crisis's. LARPD encompasses about 115,000 people that serves an area that the state of Alameda County that is the largest city in the Bay Area. It has its own, five-person board of directors elected by the citizens to staggered four-year terms and meets at 7 p.m. on the second and last Wednesday of each month inside the Cresta Blanca Ballroom at the Robert Livermore Community Center.

Government

Livermore is run by a Councilmanager government with a four-member City Council elected for four years plus a two-year elected mayor. The council meets at 7 p.m. the second and fourth Mondays of each month at Council Chambers, 3575 Pacific Ave., Livermore. The City Manager, Marc Roberts, was nominally hired by the city council for a five-year term and can, in principle, be fired by them if needed. As of October 2019, there were 53,792 registered voters in Livermore; of these, 21,158 (39.93%) are Democrats, 15,061 (28.00%) are Republicans, and 14,499 (26.95%) are independents/decline to state. In the California State Legislature, Livermore is in the 7th Senate District, represented by Democrat Steve Glazer, and in the 16th Assembly District,represented by Democrat Rebecca Bauer-Kahan. in the U.S. House of Representatives, Liver more is in California's 15th congressional district, representedby Democrat Eric Swalwell. In September 2021, the City of Livermore began its General Plan update process. Also known as Imagine Livermore 2045, this is a multi-year update to the General Plan that includes public outreach and a General Plan Advisory Committee appointed by City Council. The Mayor is paid $1,400 per month and the other council members are paid $980 per month. In addition they are eligible for a $90 per month cell phone allotment and health care benefits up to a maximum of $2,119/month plus other city paid insurance and retirement contributions.

Education

The public schools in Livermore are part of the Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District (LVJUSD), with headquarters at 685 East Jack London Blvd. The district has 11 elementary (K-5 and K-8) schools, three middle schools (grades 6-8), two comprehensive high schools, and three alternative high schools. As of the 2012-2013 school year, the public school superintendent was Kelly Bowers, who was hired by the elected school board in 2010. The five members of the Board of Education are elected to alternating four year terms by the voters of the community. The board reorganizes itself by selecting a board president and clerk of the board each December. There are about 30 pre-schools and day care centers and two charter schools. The Hertz Foundation for scholarships for scholarships is based in Liver more than one school. The school district has a history of being one of the most successful in the state of California in the 20th century. It was founded in 1891 as California's first union high school. It is located on the banks of the San Joaquin River in the town of Livermore, California. The city has a population of about 4,000. It has a reputation for being a good school district. It also has a long history of having a good reputation for having a high school that is one of California's top public schools. In the 1990s and 2000s, the school district had a record of having the highest graduation rates in California.

Air Quality, Water Quality, Superfund Sites & UV Index

The Air Quality index is in Livermore, Alameda County, California = 35.8. These Air Quality index is based on annual reports from the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The number of ozone alert days is used as an indicator of air quality, as are the amounts of seven pollutants including particulates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, and volatile organic chemicals. The Water Quality Index is 32. A measure of the quality of an area’s water supply as rated by the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The EPA has a complex method of measuring the watershed quality, using 15 indicators such as pollutants, turbidity, sediments, and toxic discharges. The Superfund Sites Index is 20. Higher is better (100=best). Based upon the number and impact of EPA Superfund pollution sites in the county, including spending on the cleanup efforts. The UV Index in Livermore = 5.4 and is a measure of an area's exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays. This is most often a combination of sunny weather, altitude, and latitude. The UV Index has been defined by the WHO (www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-the-ultraviolet-(uv)-index) and is uniform worldwide.

Employed

The most recent city population of 87,955 individuals with a median age of 37.5 age the population grows by 11.98% in Livermore, Alameda County, California population since 2000 and are distributed over a density of 3,300 residents per square mile of area (1,300/km²). There are average 2.82 people per household in the 29,008 households with an average household income of $95,204 a year. The unemployment rate in Alabama is 7.60% of the available work force and has dropped -5.07% over the most recent 12-month period and the projected change in job supply over the next decade based on migration patterns, economic growth, and other factors will increase by 22.26%. The number of physicians in Livermore per 100,000 population = 247.1.

Weather

The annual rainfall in Livermore = 14.5 inches and the annual snowfall = 0.1 inches. The annual number of days with measurable precipitation (over .01 inch) = 58. The average number of days per year that are predominantly sunny = 257. 89 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily high temperature for the month of July and 36.4 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily low temperature for the month of January. The Comfort Index (higher=better) is 65, where higher values mean a more pleasant climate. The Comfort Index measure recognizes that humidity by itself isn't the problem. (Have you noticed nobody ever complains about the weather being 'cold and humid?) It's in the summertime that we notice the humidity the most, when it's hot and muggy. Our Comfort Index uses a combination of afternoon summer temperature and humidity to closely predict the effect that the humidity will have on people.

Median Home Cost

The percentage of housing units in Livermore, Alameda County, California which are owned by the occupant = 70.08%. A housing unit is a house, apartment, mobile home, or room occupied as separate living quarters. The average age of homes = 30 years with median home cost = $376,000 and home appreciation of -11.30%. This is the value of the years most recent home sales data. Its important to note that this is not the average (or arithmetic mean). The median home price is the middle value when you arrange all the sales prices of homes from lowest to highest. This is a better indicator than the average, because the median is not changed as much by a few unusually high or low values. The property tax rate of $7.10 shown here is the rate per $1,000 of home value. If for simplification for example the tax rate is $14.00 and the home value is $250,000, the property tax would be $14.00 x ($250,000/1000), or $3500. This is the 'effective' tax rate.

Study

The local school district spends $4,649 per student. There are 21.7 students for each teacher in the school. 133658.67% of the area’s population over the age of 25 with an Associate Degree or other 2-year college degree, 19.99% with a master’s degree, Ph.D. or other advanced college degree and 11.59% with high school diplomas or high school equivalency degrees (GEDs).